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The confusion stemmed in part from the similarity and consequent interchangeability of the Ancient Greek words for the wren ( βασιλεύς basileus, 'king') and the crest ( βασιλίσκος basiliskos, 'kinglet'), and the legend's reference to the "smallest of birds" becoming king likely led the title to be transferred to the equally tiny wren. This fable was already known to Aristotle ( Historia Animalium 9.11) and Pliny ( Natural History 10.95), and was taken up by medieval authors such as Johann Geiler von Kaisersberg, but it most likely originally concerned kinglets ( Regulus) and was apparently motivated by the yellow "crown" sported by these birds (a point noted already by Ludwig Uhland). The eagle outflew all other birds, but he was beaten by a small bird that had hidden in his plumage. The bird that could fly to the highest altitude would be made king. The wren was also known as the kuningilin ('kinglet') in Old High German, a name associated with the fable of the election of the "king of birds". This points to a Common Germanic name wrandjan-, but the further etymology of the name is unknown. The Icelandic name is attested in Old Icelandic ( Eddaic) as rindilþvari. It is cognate to Old High German: wrendo, wrendilo, and Icelandic: rindill (the latter two including an additional diminutive -ilan suffix). The English name "wren" derives from Middle English: wrenne and Old English: wrænna, attested (as wernnaa) very early, in an eighth-century gloss. Wrens are primarily insectivorous, eating insects, spiders and other small invertebrates, but many species also eat vegetable matter and some eat small frogs and lizards. Wrens have short wings that are barred in most species, and they often hold their tails upright. Exceptions include the relatively large members of the genus Campylorhynchus, which can be quite bold in their behaviour. Most wrens are visually inconspicuous (they are the shortest bird in England) though they have loud and often complex songs. The name wren has been applied to other, unrelated birds, particularly the New Zealand wrens ( Acanthisittidae) and the Australian wrens ( Maluridae). Only the Eurasian wren occurs in the Old World, where, in Anglophone regions, it is commonly known simply as the "wren", as it is the originator of the name. The family includes 88 species divided into 19 genera.
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Wrens are a family of brown passerine birds in the predominantly New World family Troglodytidae. For other uses, see Wren (disambiguation).Įurasian wren recorded in Speyside, Scotland